![]() ![]() The main release variables are: the angle of release, release height and release velocity. Studies evaluating technique in athletics throwing events focus mainly on the release variables ( Bartlett, 2000 Hubbard et al., 2001 Viitasalo et al., 2003), the flight of implements ( Hubbard, 2000 Salo and Viita salo, 1995), as well as athletes' kinematics ( Bartlett, 2000 Liu et al., 2014), and kinetics ( Yu et al., 2002). Musculoskeletal simulations of throwing styles might help coaches analyze the techniques of individual athletes, resulting in better adjustment of training programmes and injury prevention protocols. This work provides a better understanding of the techniques used in athletics throws. The contribution of right ankle plantar flexors at the beginning of the final acceleration phase as well as left hip extensors at the end of the final acceleration phase was given special attention. For each discipline, it was found that the main muscle groups involved in the throwing movement were better at distinguishing throwers than joint velocities. OpenSim software was used to calculate muscle forces and joint velocities. Musculoskeletal simulations were carried out based on kinematic and kinetic data collected using the Vicon system and Kistler plates with the help of nine top Polish athletes (three in each event). In this study, important variables of the muscle force generated during the javelin, discus and shot put events were determined using OpenSim software. However, muscle force patterns and the contribution of specific muscle groups in athletics throwing events are not well understood and require detailed research. ![]() Mathematical models and simulations allow throwing techniques to be studied. Optimal release variables, as well as the kinematics and kinetics of athletes, are crucial for the maximization of throwing distance in athletics. ![]()
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